Historical Evolution of Europe, Asia & America

History of European painting(Italy)

                      The history of Italian art is the art of Italy through time and space. After Etruscan civilization and especially the Roman Republic and Empire that dominated this part of the world for many centuries, Italy was central to European art during the Renaissance. Italy also saw European artistic dominance in the 16th and 17th centuries with the Baroque artistic movement. It re-established a strong presence in the international art scene from the mid-19th century onwards, with movements such as the Macchiaioli, Futurism, Metaphysical, Novecento Italiano, Spatialism, Arte Povera, and Transavantgarde.

Gothic(1200 -1300s)

       Painting in a style that can be called Gothic did not appear until about 1200, or nearly 50 years after the origins of Gothic architecture and sculpture. The transition from Romanesque toGothic is very imprecise and not at all a clear break, and Gothic ornamental detailing is often introduced before much change is seen in the style of figures or compositions themselves. Then figures become more animated in pose and facial expression, tend to be smaller in relation to the background of scenes, and are arranged more freely in the pictorial space, where there is room. This transition occurs first in England and France around 1200, in Germany around 1220 and Italy around 1300. Painting during the Gothic period was practised in four primary media: frescos, panel paintings, manuscript illumination and stained glass.

Renaissance(1300s-1500s)

Originates from the city of Florence - the cradle of Renaissance culture, in Italy, the movement quickly spread throughout Europe .From 1490 to 1520 considered the peak of Renaissance art, the works reach the flawless, refined and become classics. The artists of this period we should 

mention: Raphael, Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci.

The Creation of Man (Michelangelo)

 Mona Lisa (Leonardo da Vinci)

 The school of Athens (Raphael)

Baroque (1600s-1700s)

      Baroque style featured "exaggerated lighting, intense emotions, release from restraint, and even a kind of artistic sensationalism". Baroque art did not really depict the life style of the people at that time; however, "closely tied to the Counter-Reformation, this style melodramatically reaffirmed the emotional depths of the Catholic faith and glorified both church and monarchy" of their power and influence.

Angels at Large (Orazio Gentileschi)

The Vision of St Bruno (Sebastianco Ricco)

Venus and Adonis (Annibale Carracci)

Neoclassicism (1800s-1900s)

      Neoclassicism is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Rome. The main Neoclassical movement coincided with the 18th century Age of Enlightenment, and continued into the early 19th century, latterly competing with Romanticism.


"Chirone educa Achille al tiro con l'arco”


(Battista Cipriani)

Original taken photo 

Sketches by Leonardo Da Vinci @ Artsciencce museum

History of American painting  (United Stated America)

• Color Field Painting

• Origin:

•New York City, USA

•Late 1940s – Mid 1960s

• Inspired by European Modernism

• Entirely new style; without any illustrated suggestion

•Influencers:•Mark Rothko•Barnett Newman•Clyfford Still

•Called:   Abstract Expressionism in today’s context

Mark Rothko

Oil on canvas

Homage to the Square, 1965

Josef Albert

History of Asian painting(China)

Ink and brush painting is one of china’s oldest and best known art forms.

Visual expression includes different applications and gradations of ink

Including- wet , dry , light , dark , burned  and some purity and self-reflection. The finished paintings can be mounted on scrolls and hung.

Chen Menglin – “flowers from life” stroll ,WANLI PERIOD (1605) Ink on paper.

Styles / techniques :

1. Calligraphy

2. Landscape painting

3. Bird and flower painting

4.    ink and wash painting (layering of painting)

      •most well known

      •also called Chinese ink painting.

      •5 ink types : normal , light , extra light , heavy and burned ink which also depends on the thickness of rice paper.

      The history of Chinese ink painting starts with the art of Bronze Age where paintings are

influenced by demands of ritual rites than personal expression.

      After bronze age artists and craftsmen were beginning to take an interest in realism and

representation of natural elements

      In the pre tang era shows inflexions in brush line and modulations in color washes. In post

tang era (10 th century) there is a appearance of first great landscape traditions includes

landscape composition of northern and southern dynasties and colorful patchworks of the blue

and green style.painters use wet brush technique to paint mountains and water.

Lin Shu - “ Peak of Yinping Mountain”

(1920)

Ink and color on paper

Lu Shiyi  - “Seal Script”

 Daoguang period (1820-1850)

ink on paper

Lin Shu - “ Peak of Yinping Mountain”

(1920)

Ink and color on paper

Liu Haisu -  “Eagle and Pine”

(1934)

Ink and color on paper

Zhao Shao’sang  - “landscape”

(1951)

ink and color on paper

Cheong Soo Pieng –

 “reflection of buildings”

(1958)

ink and water color on paper

Qi Baishi  - “Prawns”

(1957)

Ink and color on paper

Chen Chong Swee –

“ Kampong “

(1968)

Chinese ink and color on silk